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How Artificial Intelligence Actually Works
What Is AI?
AI
Show it 1,000 photos of cats and it learns what a cat looks like.
Show it millions of sentences and it learns how language works.
Three Types of AI

Narrow AI

Excels at one specific task

We Are Here

General AI

Human-level reasoning

Theoretical

Super AI

Beyond human intelligence

Science Fiction
The AI Timeline
1950
Turing Test proposed
1997
Deep Blue beats chess champion
2011
Siri launches on iPhone
2017
Transformers paper published
2022
ChatGPT launches
2024
Claude, Gemini, open-source explosion
2026
AI agents everywhere
How AI Learns
Data
Books, images, text, code
Training
Patterns are learned
AI Model
Ready to generate
What Are Tokens?
"The cat sat on the mat"
The
cat
sat
on
the
mat
6 tokens
AI doesn't read words like we do. It breaks text into small pieces called tokens — then processes each one mathematically.
What Is a Prompt?
You write
"Write me a short poem about dogs"
AI
AI responds
A loyal friend with wagging tail,
Through sun and snow and rain and hail,
With gentle eyes that never fail...
Models & Weights
Billions of tiny numerical knobs, each fine-tuned through training.
Together, they encode everything the model has learned.
GPT-4
Claude
Llama
DeepSeek
The Full Pipeline
You
Prompt
API
Model
Tokens
Response
You
Now you understand how AI works.
Learn more in the full course